The number of girls born per thousand men is the sex ratio at birth. It is an essential metric for mapping a population’s gender difference.
In 2020, the Union Territory of Ladakh had the highest Gender ratio in the nation. It is followed by Arunachal Pradesh, Andaman, and the Nicobar Islands, Tripura, and Kerala. According to the annual report on Important Statistics based on the 2020 Civil Registration System report.
However, the information on sex ratio at birth was “not available” in Maharashtra, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi.
Manipur (880), Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (898), Gujarat (909), Haryana (916), and Madhya Pradesh (916) are the top five states with the lowest sex ratio at birth in 2020. (921).
Civil Registration System (CRS)
In India, the Civil Registration System (CRS) is a centralized platform for continuously, permanently, mandatorily, and universally documenting important events (births, deaths, stillbirths) and their characteristics. The Registration of Births and Deaths Act of 1969 requires the registration of births and deaths (Act No. 18 of 1969). Civil registration records are the finest source of vital data.
Birth Gender Ratio
- In a society, the gender ratio refers to the percentage of men to females. The fixing of this percentage is on the basis of biological, social, technological, cultural, and economic factors. As a result, the gender ratio has an impact on society, demography and the economy.
- The Sex Ratio of a registered birth is an important indicator for tracing the sex discrepancy in the population at the start of their lives.
- At birth, there are 1,050 men for every 1,000 females or 950 females for every 1,000 males. The sex ratio is the number of females per 1,000 males.
- India’s sex ratio at birth is 910, according to the UNFPA’s State of the World Population 2020 report, which is on the lower end of the index.
Deaths of Toddlers
According to the CRS, 1,43,379 child fatalities were recorded in 2020. In this, rural areas accounting for just 23.4 percent of all reported toddler deaths. Urban areas accounted for 76.6 percent. Child deaths in rural areas go unreported, which raises concerns. This is likely due to the non-reporting of toddler deaths to the authorities, especially in cases of domestic deaths. Births and deaths must be reported to the Registrar of Births and Deaths under the Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969. Births and deaths are registered solely on the location of their occurrence.
The Fight Against Discrimination
The Indian government announced the Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (BBBP) project in 2015 to address issues of gender inequality and women’s empowerment in the country. Moreover, the term Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao means’ to save the girl child, educate the girl child.’ It aims to educate communities about gender discrimination and improve the efficiency of programs for girls’ welfare.
The Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Yojana aims to increase child sex ratios, ensure women’s empowerment and gender equality. This prevents gender-based and sex-based exclusions. It also aims to ensure the survival and safety of female children and encourage girls to attend school and take part in activities.
The Next Step
Despite various policies and programs, India’s female and girl child health remain pitiful. Certain sorts of discrimination, notably a predilection for boys, reinforced by technical pressures, are to blame for female foeticide. To empower women, ensure the survival of girl children and reduce the gender gap in healthcare access. Effective implementation of current women and toddler policies, especially women’s property ownership is important.
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